The Ministry of Foreign Affairs strives to engage Polish communities abroad in matters of importance to Poland, including in the field of promotion, while upholding the principles of equality, apoliticism, non-interference, and respect for the allegiance of Polish citizens abroad.

The MFA ensures the protection and representation of the Polish minority in terms of their rights, based on multilateral international agreements, bilateral agreements, and established practices. Where Poles do not legally constitute a national minority, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ensures that the rights of Poles and the Polish diaspora are no less than those granted to individuals of other nationalities.

Given the circumstances and the period during which individuals left the country, the following groups can be distinguished: Polish minorities (communities of Polish descent living abroad for generations, with the legal status of national minorities), the Polish Diaspora (a diverse group—descendants of voluntary emigrants from Poland, sometimes in the third or fourth generation), emigration (individuals born in Poland who have permanently settled abroad), and post-accession migration (individuals who left after 2004 to EU countries following the opening of labour markets, with an uncertain decision to stay abroad).

The Ministry's activities in the area of Polish diaspora policy primarily focus on the political and legal sphere, such as monitoring international agreements and regulations pertaining to Poles abroad, ensuring that their interests are considered in foreign policy, intervening when necessary in justified cases, and initiating new solutions and political strategies. At the same time, the Ministry maintains ongoing contact with Polish diaspora groups (mainly through its diplomatic missions) and provides comprehensive support, including financial assistance, within the allocated budget.

In addition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:

•    Carries out the tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs outlined in the Government Programme of Cooperation with the Polish Diaspora and Poles Abroad,
•    Oversees the implementation of the Pole’s Card Act and the Repatriation Act,
•    Deals with the issuance of student and teacher identification cards for the Polish diaspora,
•    Organizes competitions for projects related to Polish diaspora infrastructure for non-governmental organisations,
•    Co-finances the production of television programs broadcast on Telewizja Polonia and TVP Wilno,
•    Provides substantive and organisational oversight of the "Help for Poles in the East" Foundation.