The Act of 24 April 2003 on Public Benefit and Volunteer Work (Dz.U. No 96, item 873, as amended) is a good example of comprehensive solutions in the legislation on volunteering activities. The aim of the Act is to ensure balance between protection of basic entitlements of volunteers and flexibility of the legal relationship. Pursuant to the statutory definition – a volunteer is a natural person who provides services voluntarily and without remuneration, under the provisions specified in the Act (Article 2 point 3), where also a member of association may be a volunteer (Article 42 paragraph 3).

Research and development activities are performed in Poland by public and private sector institutions. However, most of such activities are carried out in the public sector. Key actors are universities, research institutes, as well as commercial and non-profit companies of different size.

Poland successfully developed by 2015 a model of education with relatively high participation rates, as compared to EU countries, in education at all of the ISCED 4-7 levels (from upper secondary education to second-cycle programmes in higher education) for young people, and with a large proportion of young people holding at least upper secondary qualifications.