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Ludwika Śniadecka [ENGLISH]

09.06.2021

Born in Vilnius, Ludwika Śniadecka was a patriotic member of a Polish noble family who had important scientific services. Her father, uncle, and older brothers were respected instructors at Vilnius University, the leading Polish educational center in the first half of the 19th century. In today's Poland, Śniadecka is known as the first love of Juliusz Słowacki above all, one of the principal representatives of Romanticism. The poet reflected his love for Śniadecka in several of his poems, but Słowacki's feelings were not reciprocated. Ludwika fell unconditionally in love with Vladimir Rimski-Korsakov, a young Russian officer and son of then Lithuanian governor. However, Rimski-Korsakov was martyred in Shumen Battle in 1829 during the Ottoman-Russian War. Śniadecka, mourning for her lover for years, went to the Ottoman Empire in 1842, 13 years after his death to find his body. She was planning to commemorate him by his grave and to establish a foundation for orphans and elders, named after both of them. In Istanbul she met Michał Czaykowski, the organizer of political activities in the Ottoman Empire on behalf of Hotel Lambert, the most important political camp of the Poles in exile, and also the first director of the Polish Oriental Agency. Czaykowski promised to assist Śniadecka and facilitate her travel to Silistra, where Korsakov died.

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Hotel Lambert's representative intended to use the initiative of Ludwika, who acted for romantic reasons, to strengthen the Oriental Agency in the region. For this reason, the place of the foundation that Śniadecka wanted to establish was determined as the monastery in Çelikdere. According to Czaykowski's plans, the monastery, close to the Russian border and located at the intersection of the influence of the Ottoman, Russian and Austrian agencies, would be the agitation and surveillance center of the Oriental Agency. Although Śniadecka never found Korsakov's tomb, she did not give up financial aid to the monastery.

Thanks to Czaykowski's influence, Śniadecka, who had previously sympathized with Russia and was a supporter of the Polish-Russian fellowship, became one of the most important voices of Polish independence in the Ottoman Empire. While in Istanbul, she became Czaykowski's closest business partner and better half. The house of Ludwika Śniadecka and Michał Czaykowski was known to both Ottoman politicians and Polish immigrants and travelers as the Polish embassy in Istanbul. 1853-56 Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz, who came to Istanbul with a political mission during the Crimean War, was very impressed by the sacrifice of Śniadecka for the sake of Polish independence. A few years later, his son Władysław Mickiewicz, who came to the Ottoman capital in 1861 and was a guest at her home, called Ludwika a "diplomat wearing a skirt". Śniadecka wrote letters, reports, and statements sent from Istanbul to Paris with Hotel Lambert on behalf of Czaykowski. While Czaykowski formed the Cossack Cavalry Regiment of Slavic volunteers under the command of Polish officers during the Crimean War, Ludwika never refrained to support him. In his book, The Strange Lives of Polish Men and Women, Czaykowski refers to Śniadecka and himself as follows: “These two souls were born to understand each other; God has brought these two hearts together to pound for Poland on the shores of the Bosphorus […] One day, one of our descendants, shall say speaking of our strange life: they both loved and served for Poland. "

However, some of the Polish political immigrants who came to the Ottoman Empire did not tolerate the influence of Śniadecka on Czaykowski. For example, Zygmunt Miłkowski, also known as Tomasz Teodor Jeż, claimed in one of his studies that Ludwika "cast a spell on Czaykowski and haunted him". According to other exiles, the director of the Oriental Agency became a Muslim in 1850 because of Śniadecka. Although Czaykowski had a wife and children living in Paris at that time, he took Ludwika as his Muslim wife. Śniadecka, on the other hand, did not change his religion and remained Catholic for the rest of his life. After she became the wife of a Muslim, she dressed in Ottoman style and visited the wives of Ottoman pashas several times. However, she preferred to spend most of her time in her own home, since she could not fit this new identity. He also gave up riding a horse, one of her greatest passions. On quiting riding, she said it was"her biggest sacrifice" for Czaykowski.

Ludwika Śniadecka died on February 22, 1866. By the decision of Czaykowski, she was buried in the village of Adampol, a symbolic land area of independent Poland, where Polish immigrants lived. Since she passed away as the wife of a Muslim, her grave was initially outside the cemetery. Today, although the tomb of Śniadecka is inside the Catholic cemetery of the village, it is located at a certain distance from other tombs. Czaykowski was spiritually exhausted due to the death of Ludwika. Deprived of the support of his life partner, Czaykowski gradually approached some Ottoman circles sympathetic to Russia. In 1870, he resigned from the Ottoman army. Two years later he made peace with the Russian Tsar and went to Russia. In 1886, Michał Czaykowski committed suicide and ended his life. 

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