Born on 24 April 1978 in Grudziądz. Szymański graduated from the Faculty of Law and Administration at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń with a master's degree, later completed postgraduate studies in Human Resources Management at the University of Gdańsk and obtained a Master of Business Administration diploma. 

In 2006 the Grudziądz City Council appointed him the City Secretary; he held this position for nearly five years. In 2010, he was elected a councillor of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Assembly. Since 2011, he has continuously served as a Member of the Polish Parliament. In the past three terms of office of the Polish Sejm, he worked on the Internal Affairs Committee, the Administration and Digitalisation Committee, the Petitions Committee, and the Administration and Internal Affairs Committee, where he was a Deputy Chairman. In addition, he sat on five special committees – the Committee on Amendments to Laws, Committee on Certain Draft Acts on Social Security, Committee on Draft Acts on Cooperative Laws, Committee on Energy and Energy Resources, as well as Committee on Draft Acts on Electoral Laws and 14 subcommittees, three of which he chaired. In the current term of office of the Polish Sejm, he works with the Committee on Administration and Internal Affairs, which he chaired until his appointment as Secretary of State at the Ministry of the Interior and Administration.